Bridging loans

Discover how a bridging loan can help you "bridge the gap" in property transactions.

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What is a Bridging Loan?

A bridging loan is a short-term loan used to "bridge the gap" between a financial need and long-term funding. Bridging loans are often used by homeowners, landlords and investors to quickly secure a new property while waiting for the first one to sell.

Bridging loans use the equity in your property as security. They can also use property that lenders would otherwise refuse to mortgage, such as flats or houses in a poor state of repair. On the other hand, bridging loan interest rates are often higher than other types of borrowing.

What canbridging loans be used for?

Before making your decision, consider exploring the various reasons for a bridging loan:

Buying Property

Bridging loans can provide you with the funds to secure property before selling your existing home or raising the money elsewhere. This is ideal for buyers who need to act quickly in a competitive property market.

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Auction Purchases

When buying property at an auction, a bridging loan could be a fast and effective solution to cover the purchase price until you arrange permanent financing or liquidate other assets. Auctions typically have tight payment deadlines and bridging loans can help you complete the transaction.

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Property Development

For property developers needing short-term finance to fund renovations, conversions, or new builds, bridging loans offer a flexible solution. They provide the capital required to get projects off the ground while you secure long-term funds or sell completed units.

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Tax Payments

If you have an outstanding tax bill and need time to arrange the funds, a bridging loan can cover the immediate expense. This temporary finance allows you to meet tax obligations on time while you arrange more permanent funds.

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Capital Raising

Bridging loans may be used to raise capital quickly for various purposes, such as business investment or personal needs. They offer a short-term solution while you arrange for long-term financing or await salary payment, asset sales or dividends.

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Cash Flow

For people or businesses experiencing temporary cash flow issues, bridging loans offer a quick injection of funds. They can help you to manage expenses and maintain operations while waiting for receivables or other sources of income.

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Chain Break Finance

In property transactions where a sale depends on the purchase of another property, a bridging loan could help break the chain. It provides immediate funds to secure a new home, allowing you to sell your current property on your own timeline.

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Expansion Plans

If you're planning to expand your business or invest in new opportunities but need immediate capital, a bridging loan offers short-term financing to cover the costs until more permanent funding is secured.

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Property Investment

Investors looking to acquire properties quickly or fund improvements might use bridging loans. These loans provide the fast, flexible financing needed to capitalise on investment opportunities before arranging longer-term finance.

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Refinancing Bridging Loan

If you have a bridging loan that's nearing the end of its term, you can take out a replacement bridging loan to pay it off. This can be helpful if you're not ready to exit through the sale and don't yet have a longer-term financing solution.

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Commercial vs Residential Bridging

Bridging finance is just as helpful for investors as for homeowners. Here's a breakdown of the key differences:

Commercial Bridging Loans

Commercial bridging loans are for property investors or businesses looking to fund commercial property deals or developments, usually for private renting or other business purposes. Because of the large sums and high risk involved, commercial bridging usually comes with higher rates of interest and tighter controls around eligibility.

Commercial bridging is also unregulated, which means you're not protected by the FCA in the event of a dispute.

Residential Bridging Loans

Residential bridging loans are meant for people looking to buy a new home to live in before they've sold their current one. This is shorter-term financing than a mortgage and typically comes with a lower interest rate because the lender's risk is lower. Residential bridging is regulated, meaning you're covered by the FCA in the event of a dispute.

Despite the differences in commercial and residential bridging, both come with short arrangement times, similar repayment periods, and typically no early repayment charge (ERC) unless they're a closed bridging loan. Both commercial and residential bridge loans are secured against property.

Bridging Loan Pros and Cons

Advantages of a bridging loan

  • Quick access to funds: One of the key benefits of bridging loans is that they can be arranged quickly, often within a few days. This could be crucial if you're looking to meet pressing tax or property deadlines.
  • Flexible terms: With open bridging loans, lenders will often consider your full circumstances and offer a range of terms for paying back the loan. They're typically underwritten manually by someone with a real-world understanding of the property market.
  • Helps to secure property: The property market is well-known for being competitive and fast-moving. A bridging loan could help you move fast and help you access to unmortgageable properties that turn into great investments.  
  • Larger loan amounts: With a sound exit strategy, good equity and a healthy credit score, bridging loan lenders may be willing to offer large loan amounts for your property purchase or investment, in some cases up to £25M.

Disadvantages of a bridging loan

  • Higher interest rates: This fast and flexible form of financing is offset by the lender with higher rates of interest. Interest is charged monthly, which might work out much more expensive than a typical secured loan or personal loan.
  • Risk of repossession: If you fail to repay your bridging loan, you're at risk of losing the property you used as equity. This applies to all secured loans, but the repayment deadline with a bridging loan is often much shorter.
  • Additional fees: As well as carrying a higher rate of interest, bridging loans sometimes come with arrangement fees, legal fees, valuation fees, admin fees and exit fees (for paying your loan off early).
  • Higher tax: Buying a new residential property before you've sold the first may help you break the property chain, but HMRC will treat it as a second home and levy more Stamp Duty Land Tax (STLD).

How to Find a Bridging Loan

In recent years, high street banks have been reluctant to offer bridging loans because they're short term and are higher risk to lenders. This is where a bridging loan broker could help. Brokers are able to make contact directly with banks on your behalf and secure bridging loans that aren't publicly available. With a broker you could find a Barclays, Santander, or Virgin Money bridging loan that's not advertised on the lender's website.

One exception is the Lloyds Bank bridging loan, which offers a closed loan for completed property deals and an open bridging loan for incomplete ones. HSBC offer a bridging loan among their home-related loans and NatWest offer a bridging loan for charities and social enterprises.  

Preparing to Apply for a Bridging Loan

Make a Plan
Before you apply for a bridging loan, you should have a clear plan in place. This should include the type of bridging loan you need, how much equity you have, the monthly repayments you can afford, and all the costs involved in building or refurbishment works.
Decide on a Figure
Once you're clear on the investment and costs, you can present a reasonable figure to the bridging loan lender. You could use a bridging loan calculator or a loan broker to search the market for you, although brokers will charge an additional fee.
Keep an Eye on Costs
Remember there are typically more fees involved in a bridging loan than a standard secured loan. Because interest is charged at a monthly rate, small differences can have a big impact. A 1% monthly rate equates to 12.7% APR, while 2% equals 28.8% APR.
Sell Yourself
As with any secured loan, you'll need to present your proof of income, property ownership and a statement of your outgoings. Lenders will assess these factors alongside your credit history.
Exit Strategy
To secure a bridging loan, you'll also need to state a realistic "exit strategy". This means providing information on when and how you expect to access funds to repay the loan, your repayment date(s) and amount. If you're a property investor, you might need to demonstrate your track record in the industry.

Our expert says:

‘’A bridging loan can be a useful tool for an investor or homeowner with pressing deadlines to keep. They present the same risk to your home as any secured loan, so be sure to choose a bridging loan you can afford. Have a concrete exit strategy in place to show lenders that your investment (and theirs) is a safe one.”

Lawrence Howlett, Money expert

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a regulated bridging loan?

A regulated bridging loan is secured against your home or a plot of land where you or your immediate family live or plan to live in the future. Known as residential bridging, regulated bridging loans come with the protection of the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the event of a dispute.

What is an unregulated bridging loan?

An unregulated bridging loan is secured against commercial property or land that you don't intend to live, but which you're pursuing for business or investment reasons. This includes HMOs, buy-to-lets, business premises, development land, and land without planning permission. Unregulated bridging loans don't come with the protection of the FCA.

How much can I borrow with a bridging loan?

Lenders understand that bridging loans can be pivotal in large property deals and will sometimes offer up to £25M. As with any secured loan, the total amount offered with a bridge loan will depend on your credit history, equity and other circumstances.

Can I get a bridging loan with a poor credit history?

Some lenders will offer bridging loans to borrowers with a poor credit history. The interest rate is likely to be higher to reflect the extra risk to the lender.

How long do I have to pay back a bridging loan?

Closed bridging loans will typically require repayment within 12 to 24 months. With some lenders, repayments are not always expected monthly and the entire loan amount can be settled at once when the property closes. An open bridging loan is more flexible but will still have a maximum loan term arranged with your lender.

Can I cancel my bridging loan?

Things move fast in property investment and you may find you no longer need your bridging loan. In such cases there's usually a short "cooling off" period when you can withdraw, or you could pay the loan off early. Closed bridging loans will usually charge a fee for early repayment.

What are first-charge and second-charge bridging loans?

If you have no other loans secured against your home (including a mortgage), then a bridging loan would be a "first charge" on the property. If you do have other secured loans, the bridging loan would be a "second charge". Second charges are usually higher interest because they're riskier for the lender - your mortgage takes priority if your house needs to be sold to recover the debt.

What are the alternatives to a bridging loan?

If bridging finance doesn't quite match your needs, you could look into other types of secured loan such as a home improvements loan or mortgage. These still provide access to large loan amounts, often with lower interest rates than bridging loans. If you're looking at smaller bridging loans but find the interest too high, you could investigate small personal loans from your bank or an interest-free credit card.

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